TamazightV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000016

The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications

Identifieur interne : 000016 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000015; suivant : 000017

The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications

Auteurs : Lameen Souag

Source :

Journal of African languages and linguistics [ 0167-6164 ] ; 2012.

RBID : Francis:14-0015142

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Contact de langues, Linguistique historique, Classification des langues, Emprunt, Sociolinguistique, Songhay.
Wicri :
- topic : Emprunt.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Borrowing, Historical linguistics, Language classification, Language contact, Sociolinguistics, Songhai.

Abstract

This paper seeks to establish the first cladistic subgrouping of Songhay explicitly based on shared arbitrary innovations, a prerequisite both for distinguishing recent loans from valid extra-Songhay comparanda and for determining how Songhay spread. The results indicate that the Northern Songhay languages of the Sahara form a valid subfamily, even though no known historical records link Tabelbala to the others, and that Northern Songhay and Western Songhay (spoken around Timbuktu and Djenné) together form a valid subfamily, North-western Songhay. The speakers of Proto-Northern Songhay practised cultivation and permanent architecture, but were unfamiliar with date palms. Proto-Northwestern Songhay was already in contact with Berber and probably (perhaps indirectly) with Arabic, and was spoken along the Niger River. Proto-Songhay itself appears likely to have been in contact with Gur languages, confirming its relatively southerly location. This result is compatible with two scenarios for the northerly spread of Songhay. On Hypothesis A, Northern Songhay spread out from an oasis north-east of Gao, probably Tadmakkat or Takedda, and North-western Songhay had been spoken in areas west of Gao which now speak Eastern Songhay. On Hypothesis B, Northern Songhay spread out from the Timbuktu region, and Western Songhay derives from heavy "de-creolising" influence by Eastern Songhay on an originally Northern Songhay language. To choose between these hypotheses, further fieldwork will be required.

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream Main, to step Corpus: 000009
to stream Main, to step Curation: 000009

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications</title>
<author><name sortKey="Souag, Lameen" sort="Souag, Lameen" uniqKey="Souag L" first="Lameen" last="Souag">Lameen Souag</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des langues et civilisations à tradition orale, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">14-0015142</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">FRANCIS 14-0015142 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Francis:14-0015142</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000009</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000009</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000016</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Exploration">000016</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications</title>
<author><name sortKey="Souag, Lameen" sort="Souag, Lameen" uniqKey="Souag L" first="Lameen" last="Souag">Lameen Souag</name>
<affiliation><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des langues et civilisations à tradition orale, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<wicri:noCountry>INC</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of African languages and linguistics</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. afr. lang. linguist.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0167-6164</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of African languages and linguistics</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. afr. lang. linguist.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0167-6164</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Borrowing</term>
<term>Historical linguistics</term>
<term>Language classification</term>
<term>Language contact</term>
<term>Sociolinguistics</term>
<term>Songhai</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Contact de langues</term>
<term>Linguistique historique</term>
<term>Classification des langues</term>
<term>Emprunt</term>
<term>Sociolinguistique</term>
<term>Songhay</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Emprunt</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper seeks to establish the first cladistic subgrouping of Songhay explicitly based on shared arbitrary innovations, a prerequisite both for distinguishing recent loans from valid extra-Songhay comparanda and for determining how Songhay spread. The results indicate that the Northern Songhay languages of the Sahara form a valid subfamily, even though no known historical records link Tabelbala to the others, and that Northern Songhay and Western Songhay (spoken around Timbuktu and Djenné) together form a valid subfamily, North-western Songhay. The speakers of Proto-Northern Songhay practised cultivation and permanent architecture, but were unfamiliar with date palms. Proto-Northwestern Songhay was already in contact with Berber and probably (perhaps indirectly) with Arabic, and was spoken along the Niger River. Proto-Songhay itself appears likely to have been in contact with Gur languages, confirming its relatively southerly location. This result is compatible with two scenarios for the northerly spread of Songhay. On Hypothesis A, Northern Songhay spread out from an oasis north-east of Gao, probably Tadmakkat or Takedda, and North-western Songhay had been spoken in areas west of Gao which now speak Eastern Songhay. On Hypothesis B, Northern Songhay spread out from the Timbuktu region, and Western Songhay derives from heavy "de-creolising" influence by Eastern Songhay on an originally Northern Songhay language. To choose between these hypotheses, further fieldwork will be required.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0167-6164</s0>
</fA01>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. afr. lang. linguist.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>33</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>2</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>SOUAG (Lameen)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Laboratoire des langues et civilisations à tradition orale, Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique</s1>
<s3>INC</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s1>181-213</s1>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2012</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>24935</s2>
<s5>354000505487920020</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2014 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>3 p.1/2</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>14-0015142</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of African languages and linguistics</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>DEU</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>This paper seeks to establish the first cladistic subgrouping of Songhay explicitly based on shared arbitrary innovations, a prerequisite both for distinguishing recent loans from valid extra-Songhay comparanda and for determining how Songhay spread. The results indicate that the Northern Songhay languages of the Sahara form a valid subfamily, even though no known historical records link Tabelbala to the others, and that Northern Songhay and Western Songhay (spoken around Timbuktu and Djenné) together form a valid subfamily, North-western Songhay. The speakers of Proto-Northern Songhay practised cultivation and permanent architecture, but were unfamiliar with date palms. Proto-Northwestern Songhay was already in contact with Berber and probably (perhaps indirectly) with Arabic, and was spoken along the Niger River. Proto-Songhay itself appears likely to have been in contact with Gur languages, confirming its relatively southerly location. This result is compatible with two scenarios for the northerly spread of Songhay. On Hypothesis A, Northern Songhay spread out from an oasis north-east of Gao, probably Tadmakkat or Takedda, and North-western Songhay had been spoken in areas west of Gao which now speak Eastern Songhay. On Hypothesis B, Northern Songhay spread out from the Timbuktu region, and Western Songhay derives from heavy "de-creolising" influence by Eastern Songhay on an originally Northern Songhay language. To choose between these hypotheses, further fieldwork will be required.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="L"><s0>52424</s0>
<s1>IV</s1>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="L"><s0>52438</s0>
<s1>VI</s1>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="L"><s0>524</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Contact de langues</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Language contact</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Linguistique historique</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Historical linguistics</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Classification des langues</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Language classification</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Emprunt</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Borrowing</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Sociolinguistique</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Sociolinguistics</s0>
<s2>NI</s2>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="L" l="FRE"><s0>Songhay</s0>
<s2>NL</s2>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="L" l="ENG"><s0>Songhai</s0>
<s2>NL</s2>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fN21><s1>013</s1>
</fN21>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Souag, Lameen" sort="Souag, Lameen" uniqKey="Souag L" first="Lameen" last="Souag">Lameen Souag</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Linguistique/explor/TamazightV1/Data/Main/Exploration

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000016 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000016 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Linguistique
   |area=    TamazightV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Francis:14-0015142
   |texte=   The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Thu Oct 19 21:27:45 2017. Site generation: Sat Feb 10 17:36:52 2024

	Serveur d'exploration sur le Tamazight
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur le Tamazight

The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications

The subclassification of Songhay and its historical implications

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri